Core Vocabulary & The iw Rule
From §16: iw makes a main clause; no iw = circumstantial (subordinate).
| Glyph | Translit. | Meaning / Role |
|---|---|---|
| 𓇋𓅱 | jw | main clause particle (here and now) |
| 𓆓𓂧 | ḏd | say |
| 𓊃𓀀𓏤 | s | man |
| 𓈖 | n | to, for |
| 𓂋𓂝𓇳𓏤𓀭 | rꜥ | Re (sun god) |
| 𓎡𓇌 | ky | another |
| 𓃀𓅱 | bw | place |
| 𓅓 | m | in, as, by |
| 𓄔𓅓 | sḏm | hear |
| 𓏞𓀀 | sš | scribe |
| 𓋴𓐍𓂋𓏜 | sḫr | plan |
| 𓅓𓉔𓂋𓅱𓇳𓊪𓈖 | m hrw pn | today |
📜 Main clause (with iw): 𓇋𓅱 𓆓𓂧 𓊃𓀀𓏤 𓈖 𓂋𓂝𓇳𓏤𓀭 → jw ḏd s n rꜥ "The man says to Re."
📜 Subordinate / circumstantial (no iw): 𓆓𓂧 𓊃𓀀𓏤 𓈖 𓂋𓂝𓇳𓏤𓀭 → ḏd s n rꜥ "... , the man saying to Re" (when/while/because...).
📜 Non‑verbal main: 𓇋𓅱 𓊃𓀀 𓏤𓅓 𓎡𓇌 𓃀𓅱 → jw s m ky bw "The man is in another place."
📜 Subordinate non‑verbal: 𓊃𓀀𓏤 𓅓 𓎡𓇌 𓃀𓅱 → s m ky bw "... , the man being in another place".
📜 Prospective wish (main clause, no iw): 𓄔𓅓 𓏞𓀀 𓋴𓐍𓂋𓏜 𓅓 𓉔𓂋𓅱𓇳𓊪𓈖 → sḏm sš sḫr m hrw pn "May the scribe hear a plan today!"
Trainer: §16 Vocabulary
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Exercise A · Identify Meaning
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Exercise B · Match Glyph to Meaning
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Grammar Drills · §16 iw & Circumstantial Clauses
Test your understanding of main vs. circumstantial clauses, non-verbal sentences, and the prospective wish. Questions drawn from a pool of 30+ unique grammar items — no repeats in a round.
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𓂀 iw & Circumstantial Arena
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